Penelitian Teknologi

Kelompok peneliti Indonesia yang tergabung dalam grup riset di CTECH Centre for Tomography Research (CTECH LABS), Edwar Technology (PT), Tangerang, Banten, untuk pertama kalinya melakukan rilis prototype sistem scanner 4D untuk reaktor kimia yang pertama di dunia. Rilis sistem pemindai proses kimia ini dilakukan di Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, Amerika Serikat pada tanggal 6 Nopember 2008. Sistem pemindai yang terdiri dari sistem sensor, sistem akuisisi data dan komputer yang mengontrol dan memproses data untuk diolah menjadi citra volumetrik tiga dimensi (3D) secara real time ini seluruhnya diproduksi oleh ilmuwan Indonesia di CTECH Labs, PT. Edwar Technology, Tangerang, Banten.
Alat pemindai reaktor kimia ini berbasis teknologi electrical capacitance volume tomography (ECVT) generasi kedua yang telah dipatenkan oleh DR. Warsito yang merupakan kepala riset di CTECH Labs. Generasi kedua ECVT ini mampu melakukan pemindaian dengan kecepatan tinggi sehingga bisa melihat secara langsung proses yang terjadi di dalam reaktor kimia tertutup secara 3D dan real time. Grup riset dari Ohio State University di bawah Prof. LS Fan adalah pengguna pertama di dunia sistem ini dan akan digunakan untuk melakukan studi tingkah laku partikel dan gas di dalam reaktor kimia untuk mengembangkan energi baru pengganti minyak bumi. Prof. Fan adalah ketua konsorsium penelitian teknologi pemrosesan minyak yang beranggotakan top scientists dari hampir seluruh perusahaan minyak terkemuka di dunia seperti ExxonMobile, Shell, BP, hingga Air Product dan Dow Chemical. Hasil dari pencitraan 4D dengan ECVT ini akan mengisi salah satu sesi utama dalam acara pertemuan 100 Tokoh Dunia dalam Teknik Kimia sejak Perang Dunia II mulai tanggal 16 Nopember di Philadelpia, AS, yang diselenggarakan oleh American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), yang mana Prof. Fan terpilih menjadi salah satu dari 100 tokoh tersebut.

Rilis sistem scanner 4D generasi kedua di Ohio State University ini akan mengawali pemasaran produk teknologi ini di Amerika dan Canada melalui partner bisnis PT. Edwar Technology di Amerika, yaitu Tech4Imaging Company yang berpusat di Ohio. Sebelumnya system ECVT generasi pertama juga telah digunakan terutama di Ohio State University, dan juga perusahaan B&W, Ohio, AS dan Cambridge University, Inggris. Selain di Ohio State University, generasi kedua sistem ECVT juga akan dipasang di Morgantown National Laboratory milik Department of Energy, AS. PT. Edwar Technology juga sedang menangani pesanan sistem generasi kedua ini yang dilakukan oleh Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) dan Nanyang Technological
University (NTU), Singapore.

Kelompok peneliti di CTECH Labs terus mengembangkan teknologi ini untuk aplikasi di berbagai bidang mulai dari proses kimia, medis dan nano-teknologi. Bersamaan dengan rilis produk ini juga diajukan aplikasi paten teknologi ECVT resolusi tinggi ke kantor paten AS yang akan menjadi prototype sistem ECVT generasi ketiga yang merupakan basis aplikasi ECVT di dunia medis. CTECH Labs dalam waktu dekat juga merencanakan untuk merilis sistem nano-tomography yang pertama di dunia yang merupakan aplikasi ECVT di bidang nano-teknologi. CTECH Labs juga telah mengikat kerjasama pengembangan teknologi tomography dengan Ohio State University (AS) dan National Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry (RIKEN), Jepang.

Information communication technology

Information and Communications Technology - or technologies (ICT) is an umbrella term that includes all technologies for the manipulation and communication of information. The term is sometimes used in preference to Information Technology (IT), particularly in two communities: education and government. In the common usage it is often assumed that ICT is synonymous with IT; ICT in fact encompasses any medium to record information (magnetic disk/tape, optical disks (CD/DVD), flash memory etc. and arguably also paper records); technology for broadcasting information - radio, television; and technology for communicating through voice and sound or images - microphone, camera, loudspeaker, telephone to cellular phones. It includes the wide variety of computing hardware (PCs, servers, mainframes, networked storage), the rapidly developing personal hardware market comprising mobile phones, personal devices, MP3 players, and much more; the full gamut of application software from the smallest home-developed spreadsheet to the largest enterprise packages and online software services; and the hardware and software needed to operate networks for transmission of information, again ranging from a home network to the largest global private networks operated by major commercial enterprises and, of course, the Internet. Thus, "ICT" makes more explicit that technologies such as broadcasting and wireless mobile telecommunications are included.

It should be noted that "ICT" by this English definition is different in nuance and scope than under "ICT" in Japanese, which is more technical and narrow in scope.

ICT capabilities vary widely from the sophistication of major western economies to lesser provision in the developing world. But the latter are catching up fast, often leapfrogging older generations of technology and developing new solutions that match their specific needs.

PC-based ICT

A PC (personal computer) connected to the Internet has become a vital tool for communicating, during the past few decades since its proliferation among the masses. However, while this mode of ICT has achieved much, it has its limitations in the context of the world at large.

Achievements

The Internet - The Internet has opened up many opportunities, from finding out information, conducting communications globally, e.g. through e-mail, voice mail, e-commerce or generally just having fun through on line chats or instant messaging. One often wonders: How did people manage before the time of the Internet? How much harder was it for people to communicate and find out information they need, quickly and easily? A PC connected to the Internet whether through a dialup connection, broadband or Wi-Fi has indeed made it a facile act for many people.

Teaching - PC--Internet based ICT is currently used within the English school curriculum. This kind of ICT (amongst others) is now seen as a core subject that is taught in some primary and secondary schools. The major advantage to this development is ICT has become a transferable subject. Computers or interactive whiteboards are now used across most school subjects as well as innovative schools using more technology like PDA's, Mobile (cell) phones and some games consoles. The interaction created by the use of this ICT makes lessons much more effective and allow children to learn in a way that they enjoy. Recent initiatives such as the One Laptop Per Child program are contributing to this development.

Communications - Apart from Internet a PC allows communication of information through Compact Discs, pen drives, printers, whether laser or inkjet, flash memory cards and

exchange of information within a local network through LAN. As communications scholars Gasher and Lorimer articulated "We depend on technology for our communications with others-whether they are just a house or two away or halfway around the world. In the second half of the twentieth century it became almost impossible to live without a television in our homes, much less without a telephone, and now we can hardly live without personal computers through which we gain Internet access and send and receive e-mail. The realty of new communications technology is that anyone is able to get in touch with anyone else, anywhere, at any time, for very little money-at least in the developed world." (Gasher and Lorimer, Communications Technology and Society: Theory and Practice) Work related aspects As well as benefiting school students to gather information for assignments, PC based ICT is often used in other jobs such as in the police, within libraries, in offices or even shops. It has also emerged as a source of employment in many emerging economies through Business process outsourcing or Knowledge process outsourcing from companies in the developed world. People now have the chance to conduct remote logon, in which they can access their work computers (For example in an office) from home. This has opened up many more opportunities for those that struggle to find time to leave their house to go to work, so they can now just work from home.

Limitations

Previous information communication technologies have penetrated deep into the society and hence are often very cost effective; teachers in developing countries often use no more than a blackboard and chalk to pass on information about any subject to the students. Printed papers in the form of books, magazines or newspapers have become a part of daily routine of any educated citizen, as are broadcast media such as radio and television. The photocopy machine is widely used by students to access information from books they cannot afford to buy. The cost of a PC connected to the Internet is often prohibitive in developing countries. Power needs, physical space and connectivity issues are also factors that add to the challenge of getting these technologies to take root in developing countries. Limitations of PC-Internet based ICT are:

Language - At present most of the information available on the Internet is in English, a limiting factor at the very least.

Text/voice - Most information on the Internet requires action by the user as opposed to the passive nature of television and radio. As most of the Internet's information is textual, the user must be able to read it. Even more passive forms of Internet information such as video

-sharing Websites require action (and reading) by the viewer for navigation.

Disruptive software - Internet users are often susceptible to computer viruses. Commercial anti-virus software is often prohibitively priced. Thin client technology is a small, but growing alternative.

Participation - Social networks and increased user-managed information stores have emerged in the early part of this century. Increased interaction between the content (whether it be delivered via Internet, television or radio) is leading to an information revolution.

Security - Internet safety is an issue that impacts every online user from small children to international corporations. When ABC went into public service broadcasting online in the early 1990s, the safety of their users was its top priority. The internet is an equalizer in that every user is vulnerable and in a sense, all at the same level. The emergence of weblogs, Internet forums and wikis is often grouped under the new technology umbrella term Web 2.0, and has helped to usher in a greater level of global participation.

Development

ICT can become a revolutionary vehicle in developing countries, provided technological

innovations emerge on the following lines.

Local content in local languages The need of the hour is to enable the intelligentsia to develop information sources that are exclusively for fulfilling the needs of local communities. The content on the Internet that can fulfil these conditions is minuscule at present. Conditions have to emerge in which people are enthused to contribute towards the development of information databases that is exclusively disseminated through local networks, in languages/dialects that are popular in the region. The various modes of ICT may need to be integrated with one another, so that a meaningful volume of information can be generated in the minimum possible time.

Future

The ICT may not survive in its present form for long. Sooner than later developing countries would get over the PC mania prevalent now in the developed world, unless there is a re

markable change in the economy of owning a PC. Any technology that requires the mas

ses to own a PC, in its present form, to access information is unlikely to be successful in the fo

reseeable future. Possibilities appear to exist, however, in the mobile phone technology, which is fast becoming very affordable by the masses, is voice based and can be integrated with the

Information Technology at the server end of a computer network. For example, in the field of education people can ask question through a mobile phone, a database of answers to such questions can be generated using the technologies used currently in Wikipedia and call cen

ters and the text in these databases could be converted into voice, by developing text to voice technologies in the various Indian languages. The person seeking information can be informed when the answer is available and better answers sought based on his/her feedback. The emerging 3G and 4G mobile phone technologies can indeed facilitate such developments. An alternative technology could be to integrate the mobile phone with the television screen, so that visual information can be viewed easily. Similarly, there is a possibility for developing interactive radio, on the lines of interactive TV.

SMPN 1 Denpasar, The Best School in BALI

SMPN 1 Denpasar. I think a lot of people know this famous school, because the student's achievement is really great. From the academic achievement and non-academic achievement.
My history's teacher said, this school was build on the century of Netherland's colonialism. This school was really famous from the really beginning. But unfortunately, no one knows when did this school exactly built. So, our school never had a birthday party.

When I started to school here, this school was just a SNBI (Sekolah Nasional Berstandar Internasional), which was really controversial on that time, because this school is the first SNBI school in Bali on that time. When I was on 8th Grade, this school transform into SBI school (Sekolah Berstandar Internasional). The difference between SNBI shool and SBI school, is in the facility. When we talk about facility, this school had a really great facility. But, globalization force this school to upgrade the facility, into a really-like international school facility. For example, the Computer Laboratory has a new facility, like new computers, new speakers, and air conditioner.
Several chamber and laboratory are also changed. The Biology and Physic Laboratory has a big flat-tv screen, LCD projector, and LCD screen. Several experiment instruments also changed into the updated and new one.

But, not all of them changed. There are also 'blind spot', and it all about disproportion. Not all of the classroom are SBI standard, like including television, LCD projector, LCD screen, and air conditioner. The only classes that is not in SBI standard is the 9th grade classroom. But 'fortunately', we still use English as our 'subject language', and we use CCTV in our classroom
Many things is also need to be fixed. Like the nasty toilet. How could you be comfortable if the toilet is super-nasty?.

But, whatever the 'blind spot' and whatever people said about my lovely school, I going to love it forever and be proud to study there.

CoMPutEr

Wh­en you mention the word "technology," most people think about computers. Virtually every facet of our lives has some computerized component. The appliances in our homes have microprocessors built into them, as do our televisions. Even our cars have computers. But the computer that everyone thinks of first is typically the personal computer, or PC.

A PC is a general-purpose tool built around a microprocessor. It has lots of different parts -- including memory, a hard disk, a modem, and more -- that work together. "General purpose" means that you can do many different things with a PC. You can use it to type documents, send e-mail, browse the Internet and play games.

PCs trace their history back to the 1970s, when a man named Ed Roberts began to sell computer kits based on a microprocessor chip designed by Intel. Roberts called his computer the Altair 8800 and sold the unassembled kits for $395. Popular Electronics ran a story about the kid in its January 1975 issue, and to the surprise of just about everyone, the kits became an instant hit and the era of the personal computer began [source: The Computer History Project].

A few years later, the dynamic duo of Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak unleashed the Apple II computer on the world. From that point on, the personal computer really began to take off. Other manufacturers followed suit, and soon there were computers from Commodore, Atari and Texas Instruments. Not long after the debut of the Apple II, IBM got into the personal computer game.

Today, when someone says PC, chances are they mean a machine running on the Microsoft Windows operating system with an x86-compatible microprocessor. While Apple Macintosh computers are technically personal computers, most people wouldn't call them PCs.

In this article, we will talk about PCs in the general sense and all the different parts that go into them. You'll learn about the various components and how they work together in a basic operating session. You'll also find out what the future may hold for these machines. ­ ­

PC Parts

Let's take a look at the main components of a typical desktop computer:

• Central processing unit (CPU) - The microprocessor "brain" of the computer system is called the central processing unit. It's a chip that holds a complete computational engine. It uses assembly language as its native language. Everything that a computer does is overseen by the CPU.
• Memory - This is very fast storage used to hold data. It has to be fast because it connects directly to the microprocessor. There are several specific types of memory in a computer:
• Random-access memory (RAM) - Used to temporarily store information with which the computer is currently working
• Read-only memory (ROM) - A permanent type of memory storage used by the computer for important data that doesn't change
• Basic input/output system (BIOS) - A type of ROM that is used by the computer to establish basic communication when the computer is first powered on
• Caching - The storing of frequently used data in extremely fast RAM that connects directly to the CPU
• Virtual memory - Space on a hard disk used to temporarily store data and swap it in and out of RAM as needed
• Flash memory - a solid state storage device, Flash memory requires no moving parts and retains data even after the computer powers off
• Motherboard - This is the main circuit board to which all of the other internal components connect. The CPU and memory are usually on the motherboard. Other systems may be found directly on the motherboard or connected to it through a secondary connection. For example, a sound card can be built into the motherboard or connected through an expansion slot.
• Power supply - An electrical transformer regulates the electricity used by the computer.
• Hard disk - This is large-capacity permanent storage used to hold information such as programs and documents. Traditional hard drives contain moving parts -- the drive has platters on which it stores data. The drive spins the platters to record and read data. But some newer hard drives are flash-based with no moving parts. These drives are called solid-state drives.
• Operating system - This is the basic software that allows the user to interface with the computer.
• Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) Controller - This is the primary interface for the hard drive, CD-ROM and floppy disk drive.
• Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) - This is a very high-speed connection used by the graphics card to interface with the computer.
• Sound card - This is used by the computer to record and play audio by converting analog sound into digital information and back again.
• Graphics card - This translates image data from the computer into a format that can be displayed by the monitor. Some graphics cards have their own powerful processing units (called a GPU -- graphics processing unit). The GPU can handle operations that normally would require the CPU.
• Ports - In computer hardware terms, a port is an interface that allows a computer to communicate with peripheral equipment.
  Real-time clock - Every PC has a clock containing a vibrating crystal. By referring to this clock, all the components in a computer can synchronize properly.
• Complementary Metal-oxide Semiconductor - The CMOS and CMOS battery allow a computer to store information even when the computer powers down. The battery provides uninterrupted power.
• Fans, heat sinks and cooling systems - The components in a computer generate heat. As heat rises, performance can suffer. Cooling systems keep computers from overheating.

In the next section, we'll look at how your computer connects to the outside world.

PC Connections

A typical computer connects to the world around it in three different ways: input/output devices, ports and networking.

No matter how powerful the components inside your computer are, you need a way to interact with them. This interaction is called input/output (I/O). The most common types of I/O in PCs are:

• Monitor - The monitor is the primary device for displaying information from the computer.
• Keyboard - The keyboard is the primary device for entering information into the computer.
• Mouse - The mouse is the primary device for navigating and interacting with the computer.
• Removable storage - Removable storage devices allow you to add new information to your computer very easily, as well as save information that you want to carry to a different location. There are several types of removable storage:
• CD-ROM - CD-ROM (compact disc, read-only memory) is a popular form of distribution of commercial software. Many systems now offer CD-R (recordable) and CD-RW (rewritable), which can also record. CD-RW discs can be erased and rewritten many times.
• Flash memory - Based on a type of ROM called electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), Flash memory provides fast, permanent storage. CompactFlash, SmartMedia and PCMCIA cards are all types of Flash memory.
• DVD-ROM - DVD-ROM (digital versatile disc, read-only memory) is similar to CD-ROM but is capable of holding much more information.

You may use Bluetooth or Wi-Fi to sync your music player or print driving directions, but many computers still have ports to help you connect to a wide selection of peripherals. While there have been others, two are most commonly found on newer computers:

• Universal Serial Bus (USB) - The most popular external connection, USB ports offer power and versatility and are incredibly easy to use.
• FireWire (IEEE 1394) - FireWire is a very popular method of connecting digital-video devices, such as camcorders or digital cameras, to your computer.

Networking, especially to the Internet, is very important to today's computer users. Your computer can probably use one or more of these methods:

• Modem - This is the standard method of connecting to the Internet.
• Local area network (LAN) card - This is used by many computers, particularly those in an Ethernet office network, to connect to one another.
• Cable modem - This type of modem uses the cable system in your home, like the kind you might use to subscribe to cable TV, to connect to the Internet.
• Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) modem - This is a high-speed connection that works over a standard telephone line.
• Very high bit-rate DSL (VDSL) modem - A newer variation of DSL, VDSL requires that your phone line have fiber-optic cables. An even faster version called the gigabit per second DSL (GDSL) may follow [source: Cioffi, et al.].

Now that you're familiar with the parts of a PC, let's see what happens in a typical computer session.

Powering Up a PC

A typical computer session begins with turning on the power. Here's what happens in that process:

1. You press the "On" button on the computer and the monitor.

2. You see the BIOS software doing its thing, called the power-on self-test (POST). On many machines, the BIOS displays text describing such data as the amount of memory installed in your computer and the type of hard disk you have. During this boot sequence, the BIOS does a remarkable amount of work to get your computer ready to run.

• The BIOS determines whether the video card is operational. Most video cards have a miniature BIOS of their own that initializes the memory and graphics processor on the card. If they don't, there is usually video-driver information on another ROM on the motherboard that the BIOS can load.
• The BIOS checks to see if this is a cold boot or a reboot. It does this by checking the value at memory address 0000:0472. A value of 1234h indicates a reboot, in which case the BIOS skips the rest of POST. Any other value is considered a cold boot.
• If your computer is undergoing a cold boot, the BIOS verifies RAM by performing a read/write test of each memory address. It checks for a keyboard and a mouse. It looks for an expansion bus and, if it finds one, checks all the connected cards. If the BIOS finds any errors during the POST, it notifies you with a series of beeps or a text message displayed on the screen. An error at this point is almost always a hardware problem.
• The BIOS displays some details about your system. This typically includes information about the following:
• Processor
• Floppy and hard drive
• Memory
• BIOS revision and date
• Display
• Any special drivers, such as those for expansion cards, are loaded from the adapter and the BIOS displays the information.
• The BIOS looks at the sequence of storage devices identified as boot devices in the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) setup. Boot is short for "bootstrap," as in the old phrase "Pull yourself up by your bootstraps." Boot refers to the process of launching the operating system. The BIOS tries to initiate the boot sequence from the first device using the bootstrap loader.

3. The bootstrap loader loads the operating system into memory and allows it to begin operation. It does this by setting up the divisions of memory that hold the operating system, user information and applications. The bootstrap loader then establishes the data structures that are used to communicate within and between the sub-systems and applications of the computer. Finally, it turns control of the computer over to the operating system.

PC Operating Systems

Once loaded, the operating system's tasks fall into six broad categories:

• Processor management - Breaking the tasks down into manageable chunks and prioritizing them before sending to the CPU
• Memory management - Coordinating the flow of data in and out of RAM and determining when virtual memory is necessary
• Device management - Providing an interface between each device connected to the computer, the CPU and applications
• Storage management - Directing where data will be stored permanently on hard drives and other forms of storage
• Application Interface - Providing a standard communications and data exchange between software programs and the computer
• User Interface - Providing a way for you to communicate and interact with the computer

Say, for example, that you open up a word processing program and type a letter, save it and then print it out. Several components work together to make this happen:

• The keyboard and mouse send your input to the operating system.
• The operating system determines that the word-processing program is the active program and accepts your input as data for that program.
• The word-processing program determines the format that the data is in and, via the operating system, stores it temporarily in RAM.
• Each instruction from the word-processing program is sent by the operating system to the CPU. These instructions are intertwined with instructions from other programs that the operating system is overseeing before being sent to the CPU.
• All this time, the operating system is steadily providing display information to the graphics card, directing what will be displayed on the monitor.
• When you choose to save the letter, the word-processing program sends a request to the operating system, which then provides a standard window for selecting where you wish to save the information and what you want to call it. Once you have chosen the name and file path, the operating system directs the data from RAM to the appropriate storage device.
• You click on "Print." The word-processing program sends a request to the operating system, which translates the data into a format the printer understands and directs the data from RAM to the appropriate port for the printer you requested.
• You open up a Web browser and check out HowStuffWorks. Once again, the operating system coordinates all of the action. This time, though, the computer receives input from another source, the Internet, as well as from you. The operating system seamlessly integrates all incoming and outgoing information.
• You close the Web browser and choose the "Shut Down" option.
• The operating system closes all programs that are currently active. If a program has unsaved information, you're given an opportunity to save it before closing the program.
• The operating system writes its current settings to a special configuration file so that it will boot up next time with the same settings.
• If the computer provides software control of power, then the operating system will completely turn off the computer when it finishes its own shut-down cycle. Otherwise, you will have to turn the power off manually.

We'll look at the future of PCs next.

The Future of PCs

Silicon microprocessors have been the heart of the computing world for more than 40 years. In that time, microprocessor manufacturers have crammed more electronic devices onto microprocessors. In 1965, Intel founder Gordon Moore predicted that microprocessors would double in complexity every two years. Since then, the number of electronic devices put on a microprocessor has doubled every 18 months, and the prediction has come to be known as Moore's Law. Many have predicted that Moore's Law will soon reach its end because of the physical limitations of silicon microprocessors.

­ T­he current process used to pack more transistors onto a chip is called deep-ultraviolet lithography (DUVL), which is a photography-like technique that focuses light through lenses to carve circuit patterns on silicon wafers. While new manufacturing techniques have extended the useful lifespan of the DUVL process, before long chip manufacturers will have to use new techniques to keep up with Moore's Law. Many are already looking at extreme-ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) as a way to extend the life of silicon at least until the end of the decade. EUVL uses mirrors instead of lenses to focus the light, which allows light with shorter wavelengths to focus on the silicon wafer accurately. Beyond EUVL, researchers have been looking at alternatives to the traditional microprocessor design. Two of the more interesting emerging technologies are DNA computers and quantum computers.

DNA computers have the potential to take computing to new levels, picking up where Moore's Law leaves off. There are several advantages to using DNA instead of silicon:

• As long as there are cellular organisms, there will be a supply of DNA.
• The large supply of DNA makes it a cheap resource.
• Unlike traditional microprocessors, which are made using toxic materials, DNA biochips can be made cleanly.
• DNA computers are many times smaller than today's computers.

DNA's key advantage is that it will make computers smaller than any computer that has come before, while at the same time increasing storage capacity. One pound (0.45 kilogram) of DNA has the capacity to store more information than all the electronic computers ever built. The computing power of a teardrop-sized DNA computer, using the DNA logic gates, will be more powerful than the world's most powerful supercomputer. More than 10 trillion DNA molecules can fit into an area no larger than 1 cubic centimeter (.06 cubic inch). With this small amount of DNA, a computer would be able to hold 10 terabytes (TB) of data and perform 10 trillion calculations at a time. By adding more DNA, more calculations could be performed.

Unlike conventional computers, DNA computers could perform calculations simultaneously. Conventional computers operate in linear fashion, taking on tasks one at a time. Parallel computing will allow DNA to solve complex mathematical problems in hours -- problems that might take electrical computers hundreds of years to complete.

Today's computers work by manipulating bits that exist in one of two states: 0 or 1. Quantum computers aren't limited to two states; they encode information as quantum bits, or qubits. A qubit can be a 1 or a 0, or it can exist in a superposition that is simultaneously 1 and 0 or somewhere in between. Qubits represent atoms that are working together to serve as computer memory and a microprocessor. Because a quantum computer can contain these multiple states simultaneously, it has the potential to be millions of times more powerful than today's most powerful supercomputers. A 30-qubit quantum computer would equal the processing power of a conventional computer capable of running at 10 teraops, or trillions of operations per second. To equal the top of the line in supercomputers you'd need more qubits. The Roadrunner supercomputer can run at a petaflop -- 1,000 trillian floating point operations per second.

AKU

Hai, namaku Ade Prachodayat kalian bisa memanggilku Acho, aku lahir pada tanggal 14 Mei 1994, aku lahir ke dunia ini dengan banyak kekurangan, adapun sesuatu yang bisa membuatku merasa leih berarti dalam hidup ini adalah keluargaku khususnya orang tuaku yang selalu mendukungku, dalam melakukan segala sesuatu yang baik dan mereka setujui. Menurutku aku hidup di dunia ini sangatlah beruntung, karena aku dilahirkan di keluarga yang berkecukupan bahkan dapat dikatakan kaya, aku juga dilahirkan tidak memiliki cacat mental, bahkan menurutku aku juga dilahirkan dengan wajah yang lumayan, walaupun tidak terlalu ganteng tetapi juga tidak jelek jadi ya bisa dibilang lumayan, itulah keberuntungan yang sudah aku dapatkan sejak lahir ke dunia ini.
Aku memiliki watak yang suka bercanda, aku sering membuat teman-temanku menjadi malu, sedih, bahkan ada juga yang sampai menangis, tapi itukan cuma bercanda kataku di dalam hati, jadi maaf ya. Walaupun aku suka, ya bisa dibilang mengejek orang, tetapi aku paling tidak suka jika aku dibicarakan oleh orang lain, misalnya jika ada orang yang berbicara sambil melirik-lirik kearahku, biasanya tanpa seba aku langsung marah kepada orang itu ataupun jika ada yang mengejekku di depan umum pastilangsug aku marahi, tentu saja pasti semua orang begitukan, jadi itulah karakter yang sekarang aku miliki.
Sekarang aku tinggal di jalan Meduri GG. SMP 8 No. 4, rumahku dekat kuburan, tapi bukan itu masalahku di rumah, di rumah aku tinggal dengan ayah, ibu dan kakakku, aku sangat tidak suka pada tingkah lakunya padaku karena dia sering menggangguku di rumah dan tidak mau membantuku untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang kuhadapi, misalnya jika aku bertanya PR padanya pasti dia akan mnjawab “Buat aja sendiri” atau “Baca dong bukunya” makanya aku tidak terlalu dekat dengan kakakku. Di rumah biasanya kalau tidak ada kerjaan atau sedang diam aku lebih suka main game di computer dan menonton TV daripada tidur, itu adalah karena menurutku tidur lebih tidak berguna daripada menonton TV atau main game di computer, jika tidur kita hanya diam saja, walaupun pakar kesehatan mengatakan tidur itu baik tapi lebih baik menghibur diri dengan main game atau mencari informasi baru di internet ataupun denga cara menonton TV.
Dulu saat aku masih duduk di bangku sekolah dasar aku banyak sekali kegiatan les di luar sekolah, sampai-sampai aku sering sekali malas melaksanakannya, tetapi jika aku pikir-pikir aku juga beruntung dapat dapat mengikuti banyak kegiatan seperti itu jadi sekarang aku menjadi anak yang, jika aku pikir biasa-biasa karenatidak terlalu pintar, tapi tidak terlalu bodoh, tapi di sekolah aku juga bisa dikatakan cukup bersaing jadi aku juga kagum pada diriku sendiri dan aku juga bersyukur pada Tuhan yang Maha Esa telah memberikanku hidup yang baik.
Di sekolah aku belajar di kelas IX A, Aku memiliki dua teman yang sudah menjadi sahabatku sejak sekolah dasar. mereka adalah Pram dan Ary, mereka adalah teman terbaikku selama aku hidup di dunia ini, di sekolah aku juga punya seorang teman yang paling sering aku ejek dia adalah Christian, kalau di sekolah sedang istirahat aku bersama teman-temanku yang lainnya biasanya mengejeknya, tapi tidak sungguhan karena itukan cuma bercanda. Di sekolah aku juga memiliki kebiasaan yang buruk aku sering datang ke sekolah agak telat atau bisa dibilang mepet denga ketentuan waktu yang diberikan oleh sekolah, tapi aku tidak menyalahkan siapa-siapa karena itu salahku sendiri yang agak malas bangun pagi, ya jadinya aku agak telat.
Demikianlah sedikit cerita tentang diriku yang dapat aku ceritakan pada pembaca sekalian jadi jika ada sesuatu yang menyinggung perasaan atau ada salah-salah kata mohon dimaklumi aku juga orang biasa jai pasti punya kekurangan ataupun kelebihan.





Nama : Ade Prachodayat

Kelas : IX A

No. Absen : 01